B. F. Skinners Philosophy of Operant Conditioning Theory ...

I think that B.F. Skinner shares my philosophy in the behavioral aspects of education. There are many points that have expanded my philosophy. One was the operant conditioning theory, which is when the behavior is changed through positive and negative consequences depending on one’s behavior. Positive Reinforcements can be anything from food and candy to a toy or sticker. Negative reinforcement could be a timeout, scolding, or maybe a spanking. It all depends on their behavior. One thing that surprised me was when Skinner said, â€Å"punishment is generally ineffective in controlling undesirable behavior.† I thought that was always the best route to go. Skinner also states that it is better to just ignore the bad behavior until it stops. That†¦show more content†¦I hope that by learning about Skinner that I will be able to better help and educate the students in my classroom. When I was in school, my teacher let the kids who had been good all week get a prize out of the toy chest. It had little rings, a homework pass, or something small to give us an incentive to behave. It worked most of the time but when it came time to get our prizes, the children who did not act well got upset. They acted out because they didn’t get anything when it was up to them to act in a well manner. Another interesting piece of information I saw that Skinner said was that too much punishment can cause reinforcement. This teaches the child to lie. I think that if we do punish our students too much that they will start to lie or place the blame on others so they will not have to bare the repercussions of their actions. The goal of reinforcement is to help the good behavior increase and the punishment is to hopefully get the bad behavior to decrease. During the summer when I work with a school ESP program, the way we deal with the children who disobey or act out, we send them to the table and they have to put their head down. I personally believe that this is an effective punishment. While the child’s friends are coloring or playing, he or she has their head down and cannot participate in what is going on around them. Many do not get in trouble again for the rest of theShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1359 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson work on classical behaviorism that paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism which has had a large impact on educational systems. Watson was one of the influential psychologists of the twentieth century. His material is still used in most psychology and educational psychology texts. Watson helped with defining the study of behavior anticipated Skinners emphasis on operant conditioning and the importance of learning and environmental influencesRead MoreSkinner, Behaviorism, And Operant Conditioning1671 Words   |  7 Pageseffect. Skinner segmented behaviorism into two main sections such as respondent conditioning and operant conditioning. 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Watson1014 Words   |  5 PagesSupervision Research Paper Two incredibly innovative behavior theorists during their time were, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner. The spark of the behaviorism movement began after Watson published the classic article Psychology as the behaviorist views it in 1913 (McLeod, 2004). John B. Watson’s prestigious career began in 1903 when he learned his doctorate degree in psychology with a minor in philosophy. Soon after Watson was hired as an instructor at the same place he earned his doctorate degree,Read MoreBehaviorism1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn the philosophy of education when it comes down to teaching as a profession, there are things teachers should take into consideration. Teaching as a profession has many codes they have to abide by inside and outside of the work place. The philosophy of education normally promotes a specific type or vision of education, and/or which examine the definition, goals and meaning of education. While you read this philosophy you will see what I have noticed or feel what teachers should do when it pertainsRead MoreDr. Skinner, An American Psychologist, And Jean Piaget2460 Words   |  10 PagesB. F. Skinner, an American psychologist, and Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, were two of the most influential human develo pment theorists of the twentieth century. The two men approached the question of human development from very different angles. Skinner, a behaviorist, worked from a learning perspective and saw human development as a continuous process in which changes in behavior were responses to experience and adaptation to the environment. Piaget, on the other hand, took a cognitive approachRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Behaviorists Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pagesantecedent behavior will happen again. The study of only behavior in Psychology is called Behaviorism. The Psychologists who study the school of Behaviorism go by the title of Behaviorists or Behavioral Psychologists. 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The Double Helix Dna ( Deoxyribonucleic Acid ) Structure

Date submitted: October 6th, 2015 The Carleton Biotechnology Prize Assignment 1 Jose Gutierrez-Solana 100975342 Course code: BIOL 1010 A Dear Carleton Prize community, My name is Jose Gutierrez-Solana and I am writing to this panel in regards to a woman, whose contributions to science have gone neglected and somewhat forgotten. A woman, who without her contribution to science we may have been set back, and not have had so many advancements in the 21st century, these contributions were credited to James Watson and Francis Crick. I am talking about no one other than Rosalind Elise Franklin, quite possibly one of the greatest minds of the last century and arguably the biggest step in to creating the double helix DNA†¦show more content†¦Dr. Franklin attended several private schools were she excelled in all her subjects, at the age of 11, she went to Paul s girl s school where she would transcend the average student in science, Latin, and sports. She truly stood out in a time where being a woman would have been an issue in terms of competing or even being taken seriously. Dr. Franklin then went to Cambridge and s tudied chemistry within the natural sciences Tripos where students must study three disciplines. She then graduated in 1942, where she was accepted in to apprenticeships in her university and worked in various departments of the faculty of chemistry. She had a huge contribution in to researching the void fraction of coal and its relationship to helium s density. With this research, she was able to find the relationship of the substances being expelled in order of molecular size as heat went up and vice versa. This lead to being able to precisely predict the performance of coals as fuels as well as classify them. As it turns out, her research on coal and helium was also the topic of her Ph.D paper and solidified her doctoral status. Through assistance from her colleagues, she was able to gain a spot in a group of 15 researchers at the laboratoire central des services chimiques de l etat in Paris, France. Here she was an x--ray crystallographer, where she was able to identify the atom ic and molecular structure of crystals. Dr. Franklin then

Concept of Sustainability in Tourism Policy and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Sustainability in Tourism Policy and Planning. Answer: Introduction Tourism is considered to be the most important sector which helps in enhancing the development and growth of the concerned area or places. The tourism is defined as the desired practice of traveling in order to have the pleasure basically on the holidays. It is organized consisting of visits t several other places. It becomes very important to understand the desired importance of tourism as well as the benefits from tourism to the concerned city or the areas of tourism. One such tourism is the Australian tourism which aims to have a large number of varieties for the different tourists. The tourism sector in Australia is considered to be increasing rapidly and it is the strongest component of the Australian economy. Considering the financial year of 2014 to 2015 the tourism throughout Australian represented 3.0% of the entire GDP of the country which added AUD47.5 billion to the nations economy. Therefore, it becomes more important to understand the desired role of the tourism sector in evaluating the nation's economic growth. This research paper will help in highlighting the different tourist places and the role and importance of the tourism in Australia. Some of the places include Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane including some of the most popular destinations such as the Queensland, the gold coast and Great Barrier Reef (Mistilis et al., 2014). There is the uniqueness in the wildlife which helps in attracting a large number of the people toward it. The primary reason to get attracted towards the wildlife is kangaroos to some extent as the percentage of Kangaroos are m ore throughout the Australia. Purpose/Aims The purpose of the paper is to bring out the desired facts associated with the Australian Tourism and to understand the importance of the tourism sector in the development and growth of the countrys economy. People should understand the different aspects of the tourism sector as it helps in increasing the standard of living of the people. Moreover, it promotes the development and growth of the selected areas. The aim of the paper is to bring out the creative ideas and the knowledge of the candidates regarding the tourism sector in Australia. The identification of scope becomes more important as it helps in identified the different areas in the tourism sector. Effective research is important in order to get the desired ideas related to the geographic as well as the demographics. Moreover, the future scope of the tourism sector needs to be evaluated as this helps in the development of the concerned region. There is the crucial requirement of the effective research throughout the concerned market areas and the tourist areas as these reveal the importance of those selected places. Moreover, the need of the tourists along with the attraction of the customers needs to be identified as to enhance their satisfaction level. In order to develop the tourism sector, most important is to enhance the climatic and the geographical locations as these become the point of attraction for the respective tourists. The climatic change nad the geographical conditions draw the attention of the audiences to the selection of the places for visit and therefore, it becomes more important for the Australian government to enhanced the effectiveness of these places as to attract a large number of the public towards it. In order to make Australia a perfect tourists destination, the tourism department is working hard and is closely related to the travel industries and the different states or territories. Demographic The demographic factors need to be considered as this generates enormous impact on the respective tourists. The choices of the people based on their ages, gender, and lifestyle need to be categorized in order to improve the different tourist places in Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney and in Queensland. Services are supposed to be of great significance as this helps in increasing the satisfaction level of the tourist. Therefore, it becomes the primary responsibility of the government to enhance the selected tourist places as the development of the Australian tourism will strengthen the economic condition. The services include different facilities consisting of the traveling, site visiting, and the food items. There are certain terms in the tourism sector that need to be evaluated as to have the better understanding. The definitions have been provided below: Natural Attraction The beautiful attraction towards the natural environment of Australian tourism attracts the tourists to visit the places. There are several destinations of tourists which consist of a wide range of community attractions. Some of the attractions are natural, including beaches Waterfalls, and some are artificial, such as- parks, zoos, etc. There are several religious places such as, Castles, and Cathedrals which haven't build for tourism, but the places have created a specialty among tourism attraction. Domestic tourists Domestic tourists acts as another important term in Australian tourism. Native people are getting attracted towards the natural and artificial tourism spots of Australia. People of different regions visit the tourism spots within their country and enjoys their leisure moments. Economic impacts Superb attraction towards Australian tourism, increasing the number of visitors and tourists in Australia impacts on its daily economic values. The rapid increase in the tourism visits, creating a huge amount of business profits of Australian tourism. National and international tourism of Australia, simultaneously are enlarging profitable earnings of the country. Environmental impacts The increase in the visit of tourists in Australia, reflects the environmental factor of the entire country. There are several positive and negative changes which occur in the presence of tourism in the country. Vegetation trampling is one of the negative examples of this. International tourists Huge number of international tourist attraction is increasing in throughout Australia. People from different countries and different regions are visiting Australia, by crossing the international borders. Facility A vast number of facilities are been provided to the Australian tourists, like- country parks, travel agencies, luxurious hotels and resorts, libraries, art galleries, sports centers, etc. Historic site Australian tourism consists of several historical places, buildings, and monuments which give more tourist attraction. Service - Several leisure services like, catering services are there in Australian tourism, for which the tourist people gets more attracted towards this place. Background information The tourism industry of Australia creates a major impact on the economic level of the nation. Various places of various regions get attracted towards the Australian tourism. People of different countries and of different occupations visit Australia for leisure. Australia, considered to be the land of dreams, consists of top tourism attracted places as described below: Sydney Opera House the Opera House of Sydney, Australia, is one of the greatest architectural icons throughout the world. The stunning location, the water surrounding on the three sides, and the south faced Royal Botanic Gardens attracts the people all over the world. Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier reef in Australia is considered to be the worlds largest living structure and one of the seven wonders of the world. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park It is one of the most photographed natural wonders of the world. The park is filled with red a dome-shaped rock which is known as Kata Tjuta. The visitors enjoy the natural scenario of this during sunset. There are many more famous tourist attracted places are there in Australia, such as, Sydney Harbour Bridge, which is the world's largest steel arch bridge, Blue Mountains National Park, consisting of many Eucalyptus trees, bush land, waterfalls. Melbourne, Bondi beach, Daintree National Park, Fraser Island, Kakadu National Park, Great Ocean Road, Broome and the Kimberley region are the other famous tourist places of Australia. A large amount of tourism is creating the huge amount of profits in the Australian Tourism Industry. People from different places are getting attracted towards the leisure spots and facilities provided to them. Hence, the economic and environmental benefits are increasing rapidly of the Australian Tourism business. Public awareness is getting spread worldwide, even in huge amount, through social media. Tourists are sharing their leisure experiences at Australia, with their family friends, through face to face, and also through various social networking sites, which resulting in the economic profits of the Australian tourism (Moyle et al., 2014). Theoretical framework There are different key theories and models in tourism which needs to be evaluated in order to have the desired concepts of this particular sector. Theories or Models Description along Early tourism development destination model These mainly focused on the life cycle, attributes and the growth of the location as to make it attractive Tourism attraction model It is mainly based on curve which reveals that the destination evolves mainly because of the growth, explanation and the development Natural section along with the structural forces This mainly focuses on the different species survival and evolution in order to describe the most competitive edge in natural section Cluster theory This has originated from the desired work of porter allowing different private sectors in order to strengthen the product quality or the strongest base of the selected tourist place Episodic Model This reveals the fact that the growth of the tourism sector mainly promotes tourist places and it occurs in a concerned sporadic incremental change Review of the literature There are many of the past well-known researchers who critically reviewed the fact that tourism helps in enhancing the development and growth of the country's economic. Throughout the different market segments of Australia, it has been found that the people are more prone towards the use of the luxurious items and the craze regarding the site visiting is seen on the large number in the tourists visiting there on. Different theories mentioned above critically explain the desired importance of the different factors in the tourism sector and thus the geographical and the demographic factors should be prioritized. The development of the different locations in different places of Australia is of immense importance as this helps in increasing the number of the tourists per year which will finally help in improving the overall economic growth of the entire country. It has been seen that the resilience theory in tourism reflects that stability, control as well as a system is important in ord er to enhance the satisfaction level of the tourists coming across the different places. Moreover, the attraction of the different locations is mainly because of the site maintained by the government as well as the regular authorities and this needs to be improved as to enhance the satisfaction level of the tourists. The sea beaches are found to be most attractive places for the tourist visiting Australia. The entire Australia is the most attractive place throughout the world as per the beaches are concerned. The country has wonderful beaches which provide a great sense of enthusiasm to the people. Moreover, it has been seen that the experiences of the different guest are not the same, but people should collaborate in order to increase the effectiveness of site visiting. The different theories given by many of the well-known researchers have evaluated that different resorts and the traveling throughout the different locations need to be of perfect. This helps in enhancing the experi ence of the tourist and is considered to be beneficial for the development and growth of the entire country. There are different theories and one such theory is the natural selection and the structural forces which mainly focus on the development of the natural species. The perseverance helps in improving the natural wildlife as well as the different other sectors which provide benefit to the entire nation. Methodology Different survey methods have been used to find out the exact responses and opinions of the tourists visiting different places. The survey has been conducted throughout different location of Australia, such as in Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney and the Queensland. The tourists were asked different questions and they need to answer it on the basis of their own personal experience. Qualitative, as well as the quantitative method, helps in bringing out the exact data regarding the particular matter. The analysis of the primary and the secondary research increases the chances of an accuracy of the data gathered from the effective research. It has been seen that different methods are used by different people to get the desired responses from the public regarding their own personal experience. The online survey is seen to be most successful at present times as it executes the survey throughout a wide number of the tourists concerned. The occurrence of the online survey is basically to found th e desired feedback of the audiences visiting different places. The sources also play the most vital role in matching up with the required information as needed by the concerned authorities. The attraction of the different places such as the beaches or the statutes is vital and the factors affecting this places needs to be identified which can be done by conducting an effective research on the entire place. The effective research on this will help in bringing out the desired issues of the customers that are the tourist which can be further improved to a large extent. Moreover, it needs to be understood that the attraction is not only for the aged or the youth but the attraction of the selected tourist's places needs to be developed considered people of all ages so that the maximum number of the tourists can be attracted towards the selected locations. A set of few question needs to be developed furthermore, as to understand the exact response of the tourists. On the other hand, it ha s been seen that the Australian Tourism is mainly famous because of the sea beaches which brings out more customers on the beach. From the effective research conducted throughout the different selected locations of Australia, a vast data on the Australian tourism is collected which reveals the likes and dislikes of the tourists. Different people have their own personal different opinion as per their experiences. On the other hand, many of the responses of the tourists found to get marched from the other tourists. This was one of the major areas where the government of Australia needs to focus in order to enhance the satisfaction level of the tourists. There were some of the issues found related to the arrangement of the bicycles and cars as to visit other places on their own. There exists some of the economical as well as the social forces which should be identified in order to increase the efficiency of the Australian Tourism. Moreover, one other issue that is found is the behavior of few of the people in respect to the people coming from the different countries. The racists are one of the vital points that ne ed to be looked upon by the government in order to make it suitable for the different tourists to come and visit different locations in Australia. Furthermore, there were many of the vendors as well as the travel agents found asking for more money from the tourist in order to provide the travel or the food services. Discussion of the findings The results obtained from the different survey conducted reveals that maximum numbers of the people are quite satisfied with the Australian tourism. The development of the different tourism sector is found to be more attractive and is growing rapidly as to make the different locations suitable for the tourists coming all along the different locations of the world. the traveling sector needs to be much more improved and the government t should look forward to improving the services offered by it. The findings reflect that the environment made is pollution free where people can live an unmatched holiday experience. The feedbacks and the responses received from the people make it very helpful for the other people to visit different places in Australia. Furthermore, the tourism sector throughout Australia is found to be growing rapidly. A major involvement to tourism is prepared by cultural tourism. The experience generates by Australian performance, illustration arts, as well as the her itage, are exclusive. Australia's National Tourism Policy is to add to Australia's financial as well as social well-being throughout the expansion of the policy that attains on globally viable tourism division alert on sustainable expansion. Encouraging the growth of competent and effective transportation network, a development local tourism expansion, attractive industry standards and different skill levels improve Australia's image as a secure with a pleasant destination. Therefore the pleasant experiences gained by different tourists increases the chances of having more profits. Conclusion The research paper concludes that tourism is one of the most important parts for the economic, socio-cultural and environmental factor of every country. Australian tourism is one of the greatest tourism spots throughout the world. People from different countries and different places are getting attracted towards Australian tourism. Hence, the business process is running excellent, even through globally. The wonderful tourism of this country attracts people of its own country and the international too. The tremendous public and tourism attraction towards Australia is creating excellence impact in the country's economic and environmental factors. The paper also concludes several challenges that have been recommended and planned, in order to enhance the business policy in a huge amount. There exist a few of the economical as well as the social forces which must be recognized in order to increase the efficiency of the Australian Tourism. Moreover, one other issue that is found is the beh avior of few of the people in respect to the people coming from the different countries. The Government along with the tourism department are trying to stop the negative issues in the business, and enlightening the tourism attraction and business practice in a swiftly and planned manner. Recommendations Various strategic plans are been recommended to the Australian tourism industry s as to earn profits of the entire business process. Several challenges need to be taken by the Government of Australia, in order to increase the long time destinations, to increase the competition among the other tourism market. The challenges also include strong $AUD, availability of best quality products and services in the marketplace. To increase the tourism demand from the Asian countries is also recommended as one of the strong strategic plans of empowering Australian tourism. The increase in the number of workers, practicing excellent skill policies, expanding the traditional workforce, improvement of recruiting policies are been recommended to the Australian tourism group to increase their business profits. Strong skilled HR practices are to be taken by the tourism association, to build a strong business environment and its methods. The tourism agencies are recommended to deliver services with cl ear and achievable vision, clear implementation framework. The Australian Government is recommended to invest the relative amount of money for required travel expenses for the business. The leisure environment should be clean and attractive. Identical and special facilities if offered to the tourists, both National and international tourist visitors will be attracted towards Australian tourism. Hence, the organization team members are been recommended to increase the tourism facilities to enlarge the tourist attraction globally. More the tourist people will visit; more will be the profit of the Australian Tourism business. References Mistilis, N., Buhalis, D. and Gretzel, U., 2014. Future eDestination marketing: the perspective of an Australian tourism stakeholder network.Journal of Travel Research,53(6), pp.778-790. Moyle, B.D., McLennan, C.L.J., Ruhanen, L. and Weiler, B., 2014. Tracking the concept of sustainability in Australian tourism policy and planning documents.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(7), pp.1037-1051.